Level 4 vs. Level 5 drywall finish: key differences explained

When it comes to drywall finishes, understanding the different levels is crucial for achieving the desired look and durability in any construction project.

Guided by the Gypsum Association’s GA-214 “Levels of Finish for Gypsum Panel Products,” drywall finish levels range from 0 to 5, with each serving a specific purpose and offering a distinct appearance. Knowing which level to choose depends on the intended use of the space and the lighting conditions. The level of desired finish will also affect the plan for the products, crew and time needed to complete the project.

“The Gypsum Association’s five levels of finish guidelines help ensure drywall finishes meet the expectations of both builders and clients,” said Mark Miller, product manager for ProForm Finishing Products, LLC, an affiliate of National Gypsum Company.

While there are five levels of drywall finish — each building upon the previous one to create smoother and more refined surfaces — this article will explore what separates the two highest-quality finishes: levels 4 and 5.

What is a Level 4 drywall finish?

A Level 4 drywall finish is characterized by tape embedded in joint compound over all flat joints and interior angles, followed by two more coats of joint compound on flat joints and one separate coat over interior angles. Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three separate coats of joint compound. This finish provides a smooth surface that can handle various flat paint types and light textures. It is a common choice for residential interiors and low-to-moderate traffic areas where the lighting is not critical.

This level of finish is not recommended in spaces where non-flat or dark/deep-tone paints are going to be applied.

What is a Level 5 drywall finish?

A Level 5 drywall finish involves an additional skim coat of joint compound over the entire surface, providing the highest-quality finish. This level is essential for areas with critical lighting conditions, where the appearance of the wall is paramount. It can deliver a smooth, uniform surface.

A Level 5 finish is expected to look clean and uniform, making it ideal for high-end projects and spaces with significant visual demands, such as luxury residences, upscale hotels, premium office spaces, art galleries and showrooms.

“Architects and owners sometimes mistakenly use the term “plaster” to describe a Level 5 finish wall finish, highlighting the importance of understanding this level’s characteristics,” said Miller.

An industry term for a Level 5 finish is skim coating.

What is skim coating?

Skim coating is the process of applying a thin layer of joint compound to the entire surface of the drywall. While there is no specific mil thickness that constitutes a proper skim coat, this technique is crucial for achieving a Level 5 finish, as it can create a smooth and uniform surface.

The benefits of skim coating drywall include:

• Hiding imperfections
• Enhancing the surface for paint application
• Ensuring a better appearance under various lighting conditions

3 key differences between Level 4 and Level 5 drywall finishes

1. Surface appearance and texture

• Level 4: A Level 4 finish provides a smooth surface for flat paints, light textures and non-continuous textures. Imperfections may be visible under harsh lighting conditions. This finish is suitable for most residential and commercial spaces where the lighting is forgiving and less likely to highlight imperfections on a surface, such as ambient or indirect lighting.
• Level 5: A Level 5 finish offers superior smoothness and texture quality, making it ideal for high-end applications and areas with critical lighting. The additional skim coat ensures a good appearance, essential for spaces with dark paint colors or significant natural light. Due to the directional nature of sunlight as it enters a space — and the harsh shadows and glare that accompany it — natural light can highlight imperfections on wall surfaces.

2. Application process

• Level 4: The application of a Level 4 finish involves taping; applying joint compound over joints, angles, fasteners and accessories; and sanding to a smooth surface. The tools used typically include taping knives and sanders. The "field" of the gypsum board is left untouched in this level, creating a differentiation in the way paint will be accepted on the finished product.

• Level 5: Achieving a Level 5 finish requires an extra step: applying a skim coat over the entire surface to create an appearance that is free of imperfections. This additional step necessitates more time, skill and materials. There are a variety of ways to apply the skim coat. These include hand-applied finishing, rolling additional joint compound on the wall and pulling it off quickly, spraying the product on the wall and wiping it down quickly.

3. Cost

• Level 4: A Level 4 finish is cost-effective and suitable for budget-conscious projects. It provides a smooth surface without the need for an additional skim coat, making it an economical choice for many residential and commercial spaces.

• Level 5: The Level 5 finish incurs higher costs due to the additional skim coat and increased labor. This extra expense is justified in high-visibility areas and premium projects where a flawless finish is essential.

When to choose Level 5 over Level 4 drywall finish

Critical lighting areas: Critical lighting areas, such as atriums, galleries and spaces with dark paint colors, require special attention due to the way light interacts with the surface. Selecting a Level 5 finish for these spaces can create a smooth, uniform appearance.

Aesthetic requirements: For projects demanding the utmost in visual quality, a Level 5 finish provides a smoother, more uniform surface than a Level 4 finish. This level is necessary for spaces where a premium finish is expected, such as high-end residential interiors, commercial spaces and areas with significant public exposure.

Inspection methods for Level 4 vs. Level 5 drywall finish

Level 4: Inspecting a Level 4 finish involves standard techniques to identify common imperfections. This includes visually examining the surface for smoothness and uniformity, ensuring that minor defects are within acceptable limits.

Level 5: The inspection process for a Level 5 finish is more rigorous. It takes place when the project’s lighting features, including design lighting and natural lighting, are in place, as well as window treatments that could affect lighting and viewing.

“Because of the high standards of a Level 5 finish, the Drywall Finishing Council guidelines specify that the surfaces should be viewed under their final lighting conditions,” Miller noted. “That includes design lighting such as wall washers, spotlights or flood lights to name a few, and natural light sources complete with window treatments or decorative finishes.”

Achieving the desired finish

Choosing between a Level 4 and a Level 5 drywall finish depends on the specific needs of your project. Understanding the differences in appearance, application process, cost and inspection methods will help you make an informed decision. For spaces requiring an elevated look, a Level 5 finish is the ideal choice, ensuring the highest-quality results in critical lighting and high-end applications.

Download ProForm’s comprehensive guide on the five levels of finish to help you fully understand the requirements of each level of finishing.